The role of microbiota and inflammation in self-judgment and empathy: implications for understanding the brain-gut-microbiome axis in depression.

The gut-brain axis includes bidirectional communication between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. have been implicated in psychological health, such as depression, through various pathways (eg inflammation). Research needs a better understanding of direct and indirect effects through examination of psychological factors that make people susceptible to, or offer protection against, depression .

This study investigated the relationships between gut microbiota, inflammation and psychological risk and resilience factors for depression .

Hierarchical regression analyzes (controlling for sex, age and the shared variance of risk and resilience factors) showed that ( i ) cognitive depression was significantly predicted by negative self-judgment and reduced cognitive empathy; (ii) abundance of Lactobacillus spp. was directly related to positive self-judgment but only indirectly to cognitive depression and lower affective empathy (both through self-judgment); and (iii) CRP was the strongest predictor of reduced cognitive empathy, with suppression effects seen for age (negative) and IL-6 (positive) after controlling for CRP .

Findings suggest that lactobacilli and inflammation may be differentially associated with mood disorder via brain mechanisms underpinning self-judgment and cognitive empathy, respectively.

Link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6598942/  ​